Key U.S. Economic News
- Nonfarm payroll employment rose by 155,000 in December, in line with expectations. Upward revisions to prior months were a modest +14,000. The unemployment rate held steady at 7.8%, as did the broader U-6 measure at 14.4%. Average hourly earnings edged up, gaining 2.1% on a year-over-year basis.
- Real GDP rose at an annual rate of +3.1% in the third quarter, up from the second estimate of +2.7%. GDP estimates are lower for the fourth quarter.
- The ISM Manufacturing Index moved back into expansion territory in December, at 50.7%. The new orders component was unchanged at 50.2% while employment gained 4.4 points to 52.7%, moving into expansion territory. Seven of eighteen industries reported growth while nine reported contraction.
- The ISM Non-Manufacturing PMI showed the service sector expanded at a faster rate in December, increasing 1.4 points to 56.1%. The new orders and employment components increased while the business activity component ticked down. Of the 18 industries, 13 reported growth and five reported contraction.
- Inflation measures receded in November on lower energy prices.
- The Consumer Price Index fell -0.3% as gasoline prices fell more than -7%. The year-over-year change in CPI fell to +1.8%. Core consumer prices (ex-food and energy) increased +0.1% and are up +1.9% year-over-year.
- The producer price index fell -0.8% and the year over year increase fell to +1.5%.
- Industrial production rebounded +1.1% in November after falling in response to Hurricane Sandy. Industrial production is +2.5% above its year-ago level. Capacity utilization increased 0.7 percentage points to 78.4%, still 1.9 points below its long-term average.
- Durable goods orders increased +0.7% in November and are up in six of the last seven months. Excluding transportation orders increased +1.6%.
- Retail sales increased +0.3% in November, boosted by gains in electronics and appliance stores. Early indications are for disappointing holiday sales.
- Real disposable income increased +0.8% in November and real personal consumption expenditures increased. As a result the savings rate ticked up to 3.6%.
- The housing market continued to show signs of strength in November. Prices have stabilized, supply is at low levels and affordability remains high; however, credit is still tight.
- Housing starts fell -3.0% to a SAAR of 861,000. Single family starts fell -4.1% on the month.
- Existing home sales rose +5.9% to a SAAR of 5.04 million. Sales are at the highest level since November 2009, a time when the homebuyer tax credit was still in effect. Distressed sales accounted for 22% of sales.
- New home sales rose +4.4% to a SAAR of 377,000. Both the median and average sales prices increased.
- The S&P/Case Shiller-Home Price Index (20-City Composite) fell -0.1% but has gained +4.3% over the last 12 months. Home prices are back to autumn 2003 levels.
- The Conference Board Leading Economic Index declined -0.2% in November, bringing its six month growth rate to zero.
Key U.S. Policy News
- At the 11th hour Congress and the President agreed to a deal to avert the worst case scenario of the fiscal cliff. The American Taxpayer Relief Act makes permanent (i) current tax rates incomes below $400,000 individual/$450,000 joint, (ii) a tax rate of 39.6% for those in the top bracket, (iii) the Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) patch, and (iv) an increase in the capital gains and dividend tax rates for those in the top bracket to 20% (23.8% including the new tax on investment income from Obamacare). The 2% payroll tax cut, which impacts all workers, was not extended. The bill does little on the spending side except to delay the sequester for two months. As a result, fiscal drag for 2013 will be reduced from an estimated 3.5% of GDP to closer to 1.0-1.5% of GDP. It also sets us up for more fiscal policy uncertainty in the first quarter as the debt ceiling needs to be raised and the sequester addressed.
The FOMC decided to replace Operation Twist with the same amount ($45 billion) in outright purchases of U.S. Treasuries. Together with the $40 billion of MBS purchases, QE will be $85 billion per month. Instead of indicating a date for future rate hikes, the FOMC now states that short-term rates will stay near zero as long as the unemployment rate remains below 6.5%, inflation is projected to be no more than 2.5%, and longer term inflation expectations are well anchored.
The minutes of the last FOMC meeting revealed that some members felt it would be appropriate to slow or stop bond purchases before the end of 2013. There was also a discussion of the unintended consequences of additional quantitative easing, surrounding market functioning and an eventual exit strategy. The end of asset purchases, and eventually a rate increase, will be dependent on the health of the economy and the job market.
Key Market Data and Events
Annualized for periods greater than one year. Past performance is no guarantee of future results. Source: FactSet, Red Rocks Capital, Hedge Fund Research. Total returns as of 12/31/12.
- 2012 was definitely a better year than it felt. Despite periods of risk-on / risk-off due to uncertainty surrounding the Eurozone crisis, a slowdown in China, and the U.S. fiscal cliff, the global equity and credit markets were strong. Central bank liquidity helped fuel the rally.
- The S&P 500 Index price gain of 13.4% is nearly double the benchmark’s average gain of 7.5% since 1926. The index gained +16.0% on a total return basis.
- Strongest performing sectors in 2012 were financials and consumer discretionary, while energy and utilities were the worst performing sectors. Concerns over an increase in the dividend tax rate weighed on the high yielding utilities sector.
- There was little performance differentiation between market cap and styles. After a fourth quarter surge, mid caps ended the year ahead of large and small caps. Value outperformed growth across market caps, but by historically small margins.
- In a reversal from 2011, international equities outperformed domestic equities thanks to a very strong fourth quarter. All regions posted gains in 2012 and only seven of 45 countries in MSCI All Country World Index declined.
- Germany was the strongest performing market, gaining over 32%, followed by a 22% gain in France. Japan was a strong performer on a local basis due to a strong yen, but lagged in U.S. dollar terms.
- Emerging markets also posted a strong fourth quarter and ended the year ahead of developed international markets, gaining almost 19%. However, performance was mixed. The BRIC countries gained only 14.9%, weighed down by Brazil which, hampered by a weaker currency and slowing economy, eked out a gain of only 0.3%. Mexico was an attractive opportunity in 2012, gaining over 29%.
- Bonds had a decent year, driven by strong returns in the corporate sector. The Barclays Aggregate Index posted its thirteenth consecutive year of positive returns.
- Interest rates remained range bound in 2012. The 10-year U.S. Treasury Note ended the year at a yield of 1.78%, just 11 basis points lower than where it began the year. The Barclays Treasury Index returned 2% over that period.
- Spread product performed very well as investors continue to seek out yield in this low nominal yield environment. Strong demand helped compress spreads. Corporate bonds gained over 9% and the more risky areas of spread product – high yield and emerging market debt – fared even better.
- Municipal bonds sold off in December due to increased supply and concerns that their tax exempt status would be impacted with any fiscal cliff resolution. However, they posted strong gains for the year, outperforming taxable bonds. Municipal issuance for new capital dropped to just 40% in 2012, the lowest level since 2004. Limited supply growth should help keep yields low.
- Global REITs posted a very strong 2012, gaining over 28%, as investors continued to place a premium on yield producing assets. International REITs led U.S. REITs as valuations were much more attractive coming into the year. Asian REITs gained over 45% while European REITs gained over 30%. From a sector perspective, industrial and retail REITs led, while residential REITs lagged.
- The commodity complex delivered mixed results in 2012. Even after a decline of over -5% in the fourth quarter, gold gained for a twelfth consecutive year, its longest winning streak since the U.S. abandoned the gold standard in 1968. Grains sold off sharply in the fourth quarter but ended the year with a 16% gain. Significant declines in coffee led to a decline of over -18% for softs. Industrial metals were positive on the year, but crude oil experienced a double-digit decline.
- In the listed private equity asset class, companies experienced double-digit gains in net asset value and discounts closed, leading to gains over almost 30% for the year.
Outlook
Macro drivers, including the U.S. presidential election and fiscal cliff, the ongoing Eurozone crisis, and a slowdown in China moved the markets in 2012. These macro events led to periods of risk-on / risk-off during the year, but overall it was a great year to be invested in risk assets. Massive liquidity provided by central banks globally helped fuel the rally. We maintained the status quo in Washington, Europe muddled through, China looks to have engineered a soft landing and politicians averted the worst case scenario of the fiscal cliff in the eleventh hour.
A number of positives exist that could continue to support markets and the economy in 2013. Central banks globally remain accommodative and stand ready to implement more extraordinary measures if necessary. The anticipated fiscal drag has been reduced and Congress has eliminated near term uncertainty surrounding tax rates. The U.S. housing market is also in a position to contribute to growth in 2013, boosted by pent up demand for household formation, firmer prices, and a high level of affordability. U.S. companies remain healthy with solid balance sheets flush with cash that can be invested in people or capital expenditures. Equity market valuations remain reasonable, especially relative to other asset classes like fixed income.
However, major risks facing the economy and markets remain, including:
U.S. policy uncertainty continues: While the fiscal cliff deal resolved some of the uncertainty on the tax side, it sets up more fiscal policy uncertainty and drama in Washington in the first quarter. In addition to the delay of the spending sequester for two months, we will hit the debt ceiling limit in March. The deal does little to address our long term unsustainable fiscal path, and a lack of a credible plan of action this year to stabilize our debt to GDP ratio may trigger another downgrade of our sovereign debt.
European sovereign debt crisis and recession: The promise of bond purchases by the ECB has driven down borrowing costs for problem countries and bought policymakers time, but it cannot solve the underlying problems in Europe. Austerity measures are serving only to weaken growth further and cause higher unemployment and social unrest.
Sluggish global growth: There was evidence of slower global economic growth in the second half of 2012. The U.S. continues to muddle through at sub-3% growth, and even a reduced fiscal drag of 1-1.5% of GDP, primarily driven by the elimination of the payroll tax cut, will negatively impact growth in the first quarter of 2013. Europe is in recession territory. Evidence of a soft landing in China is mounting after growth weakened meaningfully last year. Weaker economic growth will flow through to weaker earnings and top line growth.
These unresolved macro risks will keep the markets susceptible to bouts of volatility throughout 2013. Because of massive government intervention in the global financial markets, we will continue to be susceptible to event risk. As a result, our portfolios will continue to be positioned with a modestly defensive bias until we see resolution of the macro uncertainties. Instead of taking a strong position on the direction of the markets, we seek to take advantage of high conviction opportunities and strategies within asset classes.
Notable Numbers
- Up vs. Down: The split between “up” and “down” days for the S&P 500 over the last 50 years (i.e., 1963-2012) is 53% “up” and 47% “down.” The split during 2012 was 54/46. The S&P 500 is an unmanaged index of 500 widely held stocks that is considered representative of the stock market (source: BTN Research).
- Inside the Index: 37 of the 500 individual stocks (i.e., 7% of the stocks) in the S&P 500 gained at least +50% in 2012. 130 stocks (i.e., 26% of the stocks) gained at least +25%. 106 stocks (i.e., 21% of the stocks) finished the year with a stock price lower than where it started the year (source: BTN Research).
- Missing the Best: The total return for the S&P 500 was +16.0% (total return) in 2012. If you missed the 3 best percentage gain days last year, the +16.0% gain falls to a +8.4% gain (source: BTN Research).
This newsletter is intended to provide opinions and analysis of the general conditions of the market and economy, but is not intended to provide personalized investment advice. Statements referring to future actions or events, such as the future financial performance of certain asset classes or market segments, are based on the current expectations and projections about future events provided by various. sources, including Brinker Capital's Investment Management Group. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and actual events may differ materially from those discussed. This commentary includes statistical information obtained from various third-party sources. Brinker Capital believes those sources to be accurate and reliable; however, we are not responsible for errors by third-party sources on which we reasonably rely. Performance data represents general indexes representative of certain asset classes and are not indicative of actual past performance of any specific portfolio managed or sponsored by Brinker Capital.
Appendix
*Returns as of 12/31/12. Annualized for periods greater than one year. Past performance is no guarantee of future results.
Source: FactSet
Source: FactSet
Glossary
Barclays Capital Municipal Bond Index – A benchmark index that includes investment-grade, tax-exempt, and fixed-rate bonds with long-term maturities (greater than two years) selected from issues larger than $50 million.
Barclays Capital U.S. Aggregate Bond Index – An unmanaged market-value-weighted performance benchmark for investment-grade fixed-rate debt issues, including government, corporate, asset-backed, and mortgage-backed securities, with maturities of at least one year.
Barclays Capital U.S. TIPS Index (Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities) –The Barclays U.S. TIPS Index consists of inflation-protection securities issued by the U.S. Treasury.
BofA Merrill Lynch 3-7 Year Municipal Bond Index – The index measures the performance of mutual bonds with maturities between three and seven years.
Conference Board Leading Economic Index –An American economic leading indicator intended to forecast future economic activity. It is calculated by The Conference Board, a non-governmental organization, which determines the value of the index from the values of ten key variables. These variables have historically turned downward before a recession and upward before an expansion.
Consumer Price Index (CPI) –Consumer Price Index is a measure of the cost of goods purchased by average U.S. household. It is calculated by the U.S. government's Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) – The Dow Jones Industrial Average is a price-weighted average of 30 significant stocks traded on the New York Stock Exchange and the NASDAQ. The DJIA was invented by Charles Dow back in 1896.
Dow Jones/UBS Commodity Index – A rolling commodities index composed of futures contracts on 19 physical commodities traded on U.S. exchanges. The index serves as a liquid and diversified benchmark for the commodities asset class.
Dow Jones U.S. Total Stock Market – The Dow Jones U.S. Total Stock Market Index represents the broadest index for the U.S. equity market, measuring the performance of all U.S. equity securities with readily available price data. The index was created in 1974.
Emerging Markets (EM) – A foreign economy with a low to middle per capita income that is developing in response to the spread of capitalism and has created its own stock market. Analogous to small growth companies, emerging markets have high potential as well as high risk. Such countries constitute approximately 80% of the global population, and represent about 20% of the world's economies.
Exchange Traded Fund (ETF) – A security that tracks an index, a commodity or a basket of assets like an index fund, but trades like a stock on an exchange.
FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Global Real Estate (Financial Times and London Stock Exchange European Public Real Estate Association/National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts®) –The FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Global Real Estate Index is designed to represent general trends in eligible listed real estate stocks worldwide. Relevant real estate activities are defined as the ownership, trading and development of income-producing real estate. Only closed-end companies listed on an official stock exchange are included in the index.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) – GDP is commonly used as an indicator of the economic health of a country, as well as to gauge a country's standard of living.
HFRX Global Hedge Fund Index – The HFRX Global Hedge Fund Index is designed to be representative of the overall composition of the hedge fund universe. It comprises eight strategies: convertible arbitrage, distressed securities, equity hedge, equity market neutral, event driven, macro, merger arbitrage, and relative value arbitrage. The strategies are asset-weighted based on the distribution of assets in the hedge fund industry.
ISM Manufacturing PMI – A monthly index released by the Institute of Supply Management which tracks the amount of manufacturing activity that occurred in the previous month. This data is considered a very important and trusted economic measure. If the index has a value below 50, due to a decrease in activity, it tends to indicate an economic recession, especially if the trend continues over several months. A value substantially above 50 likely indicates a time of economic growth. The values for the index can be between 0 and 100.
ISM Non-Manufacturing PMI – ISM Non-Manufacturing Index is a gauge of business conditions in non-manufacturing industries, based on measures of employment trends, prices and new orders. Though non-manufacturing sectors make up the majority of the economy, the ISM Non-Manufacturing has less market impact because non-manufacturing data tends to be more cyclical and predictable. However, these sectors do account for a considerable portion of CPI. As a result, the figure gives insight into conditions which can impact output growth and inflationary pressures.
MSCI All Country World ex-U.S. (Morgan Stanley Capital International) –The MSCI All Country World Index ex-U.S. is a free float-adjusted market capitalization weighted index that is designed to measure the equity market performance of developed and emerging markets, except the U.S. The index consists of 47 country indices comprising 22 developed and 25 emerging market country indices.
MSCI EAFE (Morgan Stanley Capital International Europe, Australasia and Far East) –The MSCI EAFE Index is recognized as the preeminent benchmark in the United States to measure international equity performance. It comprises 21 MSCI country indices, representing the developed markets outside of North America: Europe, Australasia and the Far East.
MSCI Emerging Markets (Morgan Stanley Capital International) –The MSCI Emerging Markets Index is a free float-adjusted market capitalization index that is designed to measure equity market performance in the global emerging markets. As of June 2006, the MSCI Emerging Markets Index consisted of the following 25 emerging market country indices: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, China, Colombia, Czech Republic, Egypt, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Israel, Jordan, Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, Morocco, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Russia, South Africa, Taiwan, Thailand, and Turkey.
National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations (NASDAQ) – The NASDAQ Composite Index is a market-capitalization-weighted, unmanaged index that is designed to represent the performance of the National Association of Securities Dealers Quotation System, which includes more than 5,000 stocks traded only over the counter and not on an exchange. The index does not include the reinvestment of dividends.
Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) A security that sells like a stock on the major exchanges and invests in real estate directly, either through properties or mortgages.
Red Rocks Listed Private Equity Index – The Red Rocks Listed Private Equity Index is designed to track the performance of the largest and most liquid publicly traded private equity firms principally invested in the United States and publicly traded private equity portfolios with principal investments in the United States. The publicly traded stocks within the Index are traded on any nationally recognized exchange worldwide.
Red Rocks Listed Private Equity Index – The Red Rocks Listed Private Equity Index is designed to track the performance of the largest and most liquid publicly traded private equity firms principally invested in the United States and publicly traded private equity portfolios with principal investments in the United States. The publicly traded stocks within the Index are traded on any nationally recognized exchange worldwide.
Russell 1000 – Measures the performance of the 1,000 largest companies in the Russell 3000 Index, which represents approximately 92% of the total market capitalization of the Russell 3000 Index. As of the latest reconstitution, the average market capitalization was approximately $13.9 billion; the median market capitalization was approximately $4.9 billion. The smallest company in the Index had an approximate market capitalization of $2.0 billion.
Russell 1000 Growth – Measures the performance of those Russell 1000 companies with higher price-to-book ratios and higher forecasted growth values.
Russell 1000 Value – Measures the performance of Russell 1000 companies with lower price-to-book ratios and forecasted growth values.
Russell 2000 Small Cap – Measures the performance of the 2,000 smallest companies in the Russell 3000 Index, which represents approximately 8% of the total market capitalization of the Russell 3000 Index. As of the latest reconstitution, the average market capitalization was approximately $762.8 million; the median market capitalization was approximately $613.5 million. The largest company in the index had an approximate market capitalization of $2.0 billion and a smallest of $218.4 million.
Russell 2000 Small Cap Growth – Measures the performance of those Russell 2000 companies with higher price-to-book ratios and higher forecasted growth values.
Russell 2000 Small Cap Value – Measures the performance of those Russell 2000 companies with lower price-to-book ratios and lower forecasted growth values.
Russell 2500 – Measures the performance of the 2,500 smallest companies in the Russell 3000 Index.
Russell 2500 Growth – Measures the performance of those Russell 2500 companies with higher price-to-book ratios and higher forecasted growth values.
Russell 2500 Value – Measures the performance of Russell 2500 companies with lower price-to-book ratios and forecasted growth values.
Russell 3000 – This index encompasses the 3,000 largest U.S.-traded stocks, in which the underlying companies are all incorporated in the U.S.
Russell Mid Cap – Measures the performance of the 800 smallest companies in the Russell 1000 Index, which represents approximately 30% of the total market capitalization of the Russell 1000 Index. As of the latest reconstitution, the average market capitalization was approximately $5.3 billion; the median market capitalization was approximately $3.9 billion. The largest company in the index had an approximate market capitalization of $14.9 billion.
Russell Mid Cap Growth – Measures the performance of those Russell Midcap companies with higher price-to-book ratios and higher forecasted growth values. The stocks are also members of the Russell 1000 Growth Index.
Russell Mid Cap Value – Measures the performance of those Russell Midcap companies with lower price-to-book ratios and lower forecasted growth values. The stocks are also members of the Russell 1000 Value Index.
Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate (SAAR) – Rate adjustment used for economic or business data that attempts to remove the seasonal variation in data. Calculated by dividing the unadjusted annual rate for the month by its seasonality factor and crated an adjusted annual rate for the month.
Standard & Poor's 500 Index (S&P 500) – An index consisting of 500 stocks chosen for market size, liquidity and industry grouping, among other factors. The S&P 500 is designed to be a leading indicator of U.S. equities and is meant to reflect the risk/return characteristics of the large-cap universe. Companies included in the index are selected by the S&P Index Committee, a team of analysts and economists at Standard & Poor's. The S&P 500 is a market-value-weighted index -- each stock's weight in the index is proportionate to its market value.
Standard & Poor’s/Case-Shiller Home Price Index – The S&P/Case-Shiller Home Price Index measures the residential housing market, tracking changes in the value of the residential real estate market in 20 metropolitan regions across the United States. The index uses the repeat sales pricing technique to measure housing markets. The index is calculated monthly and published with a two-month lag.
The information in this article is not intended as tax or legal advice, and it may not be relied on for the purpose of avoiding any federal tax penalties. You are encouraged to seek tax or legal advice from an independent professional advisor. The content is derived from sources believed to be accurate. Neither the information presented nor any opinion expressed constitutes a solicitation for the purchase or sale of any security. This material was written and prepared by Brinker Capital.
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